The Classical Dramatic Speech From Sophocles Antigone

Written by Sophocles around 440 B.C., the title character in Antigone represents one of the most powerful female protagonists in theatrical history. Her conflict is a simple yet poignant one. She gives her dead brother a proper burial against the wishes of her uncle, Creon, the newly crowned King of Thebes. Antigone willingly defies the law for she devoutly believes that she is doing the will of the gods. A Summary of  Antigone In this monologue, the protagonist is about to be entombed in a cavern. Although she believes she goes to her death, she contends that she was justified in offering her brother his funeral rites. Yet, because of her punishment, she is uncertain about the ultimate goal of the gods above. Still, she trusts that in the afterlife, if she is at fault, she will learn of her sins. However, if Creon is at fault, the fates will surely inflict revenge upon him. Antigone is the  heroine of the play.  Stubborn and persistent, Antigones strong and feminine character supports her family duty and allows her to fight for her beliefs. The story of Antigone surrounds the dangers of tyranny as well as loyalty to family. Who Sophocles Was and What He Did Sophocles was born in Colonus, Greece in 496 bc and is considered one of the three great playwrights in classical Athens amongst Aeschylus and Euripides.  Famous for the evolution of drama in theater, Sophocles added a third actor and reduced the importance of the Chorus in the execution of the plot. He also  focused on character development, unlike other playwrights at the time. Sophocles died around 406 BC. The Oedipus Trilogy by Sophocles includes three plays: Antigone, Oedipus the King, and Oedipus at Colonus. While they are not considered a true trilogy, the three plays are all based on Theban myths and often published together.  It is understood that Sophocles has written over 100 dramas, though only seven full plays are known to have survived today. An Excerpt of Antigone The following excerpt from Antigone is reprinted from Greek Dramas. Tomb, bridal chamber, eternal prison in the caverned rock, whither I go to find mine own, those many who have perished, and whom Persephone hath received among the dead! Last of all shall I pass thither, and far most miserably of all, before the term of my life is spent. But I cherish good hope that my coming will be welcome to my father, and pleasant to thee, my mother, and welcome, brother, to thee; for, when you died, with mine own hands I washed and dressed you, and poured drink-offerings at your graves; and now, Polyneices, tis for tending thy corpse that I win such recompense as this. And yet I honored thee, as the wise will deem, rightly. Never had I been a mother of children, or if a husband had been moldering in death, would I have taken this task upon me in the citys despite. What law, ye ask, is my warrant for that word? The husband lost, another might have been found, and child from another, to replace the first-born; but, father and mother hidden with Hades, no brothers life could ever bloom for me again. Such was the law whereby I held thee first in honor; but Creon deemed me guilty of error therein, and of outrage, ah brother mine! And now he leads me thus, a captive in his hands; no bridal bed, no bridal song hath been mine, no joy of marriage, no portion in the nurture of children; but thus, forlorn of friends, unhappy one, I go living to the vaults of death. And what law of Heaven have I transgressed? Why, hapless one, should I look to the gods anymore--what ally should I invoke--when by piety I have earned the name of impious? Nay, then, if these things are pleasing to the gods, when I have suffered my doom, I shall come to know my sin; but if the sin is with my judges, I could wish them no fuller measure of evil than they, on their part, mete wrongfully to me. Source: Green Dramas. Ed. Bernadotte Perrin. New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1904

A Conversation About The Natural Resource Curse - 1305 Words

A conversation about the natural resource curse in Bolivia is especially imperative today with the recent crash of oil prices which affects Bolivia’s export revenues as natural gas prices are indexed to oil prices. This chapter seeks to explore Bolivia’s economic structure; whether the natural resource curse phenomenon is already occuring in Bolivia? What are the contributors to their susceptibility to the risks of the resource curse? What role did Bolivia’s state-managed economy play in contributing to this and how have market mechanisms affected Bolivia’s economic welfare? In order to better understand where Bolivia stands today, it would be of interest to recall a resource curse that Bolivia had already endured in the past under their†¦show more content†¦With this policy direction in mind, we can look at Bolivia’s commodity export dependence, its effects on industrialization and diversification and the risks of commodity price volatilit y. This will require an inquiry into Bolivia’s natural gas sector that has been nationalized by the MAS government in 2006. The two secondary export products that Bolivia relies on are mining and industrial agriculture, they have similar effects of high revenue and low employment creation as the natural gas industry does on the economy. Finally a look at Bolivia’s macroeconomic policy will add the last dimension into our inquiry of Bolivia’s general economic state. Tin Bolivia is not new to commodity dependence; in fact, it was one of the cases that Richard Auty used in his essay where he first coined the term, â€Å"natural resource curse† (R. Auty 1993). Richard Auty’s case study of the Bolivian case between 1970-1990 outlines the boom and bust cycles of Bolivia’s ore exporting economy. It gives insight into what types of policies were pursued, or perhaps not pursued that further deteriorated the economy’s long term sustainability. In the early 70’s, Bolivia was highly dependent on mining; mining accounted for 77% of exports, 44% of taxes and 20% of GDP (R. M. Auty 1994). During this time, the Bolivian state was unable to extend domestic taxes to cover its large public sector expenses due to the polarization of the working class that demanded higher government

Symbolism in “The Natural” Free Essays

The novel The Natural by Bernard Malamud is an excellent peace of sports literature. It follows the story of Roy Hobbs as he is reaching old age in the game of baseball. The plot follows his initial talent in a scene set years before the main plot. We will write a custom essay sample on Symbolism in â€Å"The Natural† or any similar topic only for you Order Now Sixteen years afterwards the man is playing for a losing team but can still wow the audience with his raw talents. As the story progresses Roy is characterized through his actions and through the way the supporting characters view him. One symbol that made this work more resounding is the cracking of Roy’s back in the climatic game. This event has a lot of hidden meaning, and helps convey Malamud’s theme to the audience. The first scene in the story is where Malamud expresses the level of talent â€Å"wonderboy†, as he is affectionately called, possesses. He is squaring off against a big league allstar known as the Whammer; â€Å"At thirty-three the Whammer still enjoyed exceptional eyesight. He saw the ball spin off Roy’s fingertips and it reminded him of a white pigeon he had kept as a boy, that he would send into flight by flipping it into the air. The ball flew at him and he was conscious of its bird-form and white flapping wings he heard a noise like the bang of a firecracker at his feet and Sam had the ball in his mitt. Unable to believe his ears he heard Mercy intone a reluctant strike. † (Malamud). This quote is significant because it expresses the potential of the protagonist. It is through these great feats of athletic prowess that we the reader gets to respect him. It makes the plot more important to the reader, as well. This all leads up to the finale with Hobb’s putting it all on the line. The aspect of love is a component to this novel. While Roy is everything to be admired in the athletic sphere, he shows a deeply human aspect to his personality in his dealings with his love interest; â€Å"Noticing Toomey watching her, Roy stole a quick look. He caught the red dress and a white rose [he was] drawn by the feeling that her smile was for him she seemed to be wanting to say something, and then it flashed on him the reason she was standing was to show her confidence in him he became aware that the night had spread out in all directions and was filled with an unbelievable fragrance. (Malamud) Malamud gives his character a truly human characteristic which makes him all the more enduring. As the novel’s rising action takes place, the â€Å"natural’s† intentions are called into question. During the climatic scene, Roy fouls a ball into the stands that injures Iris. During this at bat, Roy also splits his bat, named wonder boy, into two pieces. This is a multilayered piece of symbolism which helps express the author’s true intentions upon writing this novel. The fact that he injures Iris expresses how he is hurting the one’s he loves through his sports persona. He must rectify the relationship between his athletic personality and his human one. It is also significant how it happened on a â€Å"foul† ball, which suggests a seedy side to the tone of this event. Finally, the fact that his bat is split into two pieces shows that he is finally ready to move on from the game he spent his life pursuing. In a conversation late in the novel Roy says this brilliant quote; â€Å"Experience makes good people better. † She was staring at the lake. â€Å"How does it do that? † â€Å"Through their suffering. † â€Å"I had enough of that,† he said in disgust. We have two lives, Roy, the life we learn with and the life we live with after that. Suffering is what brings us toward happiness All it taught me was to stay aware from it. I am sick of all I have suffered. † She shrank away a little. † (Malamud) This is a fitting way to leave the reader of the noel, and let them know what Malamud was getting at. The cha racterization and symbolism of this book really make it a significant contribution to sports literature. He is a larger than life figure with wholly human emotions. He is an epic hero for a contemporary period, and Malamud communicates this beautifully. How to cite Symbolism in â€Å"The Natural†, Papers

Research Proposal Britain Economic Downturn

Question: Discuss about the Research Proposal Britain for Economic Downturn. Answer: Introduction The economy of the United Kingdom is the fifth-largest economy in the globe which is considered by the supposed gross domestic product. It is also ninth-largest in the globe in terms of purchasing power parity, which contains 4% of worlds GDP. The UK has been the fastest-growing country in the G7 by four successive years; it has 2.2% development in the second quarter of 2016. But, when downturn occurred, they had faced several complexities. There are different factors that have to be measured as influencing factors of the Britain economic growth (Burrell, 2016). The UK economy entered in a recession in 2008 and also it existed in 2009 by increasing the unemployment rate i.e. 5.2% in 2008 and 7.6% in 2009. But, in 2010, economy improved by 1.2% because of new government policies. Government of the Britain made effective policies such as cut down in the interest rates in order to overcome the national debts challenges and to increase the employment rate. But still, the unemployment rat e was elevated and the economy has faced to bring back the development. In 2013, market growth rate peaked due to reduction in the unemployment rate. Further, economic growth has increased by bounce back in the housing market and tough development in both manufacturing and services industries (McCloskey, 2015). But, it has been disputed that the economic improvement was not accomplishing the bulk of the people in the Britain, with wage growth rate being low. The purpose of this research is to undertake a complete research in identifying economic factors that have impact on the Britain economy so that, this report can help in identifying actions for the UK economy against downturn situation and be better prepared whenever situation of next recession occurs. The research proposal throws light on where the decision makers of the Britain failed and which strategies implemented by Britain government went unsuccessful and what strategies will overcome the economy downturn situation. Problem Statement The downturn is the occurrence of declining demand for resources, goods and services in its starting, and ending depend on the outfitted actions which are used by different decision makers and the centralized government. It leads to a fall in market share, boost in unemployment rate, sluggish salary, drop in trade sales, and decreases in the accommodation market. It is stated that if the recession will longer period, it can be categorized as an economic depression. In the Britain, there were worldwide recessions during the years 2008 2010 that was Great Recession period (Cain and Hopkins, 2016). It is stated that there were different quarters sluggish but still optimistic growth. A declining consumer demand is a cause behind slowing growth. As, sales has declined, the company had stopped their expansion plans and also stopped hiring new workers. The downturn is ongoing in the first quarter of 2008 while the economy is slightly decline, only 0.7%, and rebound in the subsequent quarter to .6%. Further, the economy mislaid 16,000 employments in 2008. In those years, Britain economy was destructive because, it created widespread unemployment that affected most of the people (Taylor, et al., 2015). Further, as the unemployment rate mounted, consumers reduced their purchases even more. In this report, researcher analyzes different economic factors and also evaluates the reason that impact on the Britain downturn economy. Further, this research is based on the different strategies and new concepts which are adopted by Britain government in order to overcome the Recession. This research is effective for decision makers to take preventive measures when downturn takes place in the future. Research Objectives The aim of this research is to analyze the economic factors that impact on the Britain economic downturn. For accomplishing main aim of research, following research objectives will be achieved through research: To understand the meaning and concepts of downturn economy. To determine the economic factors that impact on the Britain and lead to downturn economy. To discuss the consequences of Recession in the Britain economy. To recommend the strategy to overcome the recession condition in Britain. Research Questions Following are different research questions that would be answered by accomplishing this research: How did recession have an effect on the Britain economy? What were the consequences faced by Britain government as a result of downturn? How did the Britain government take action to break the downturn conditions? What are the factors that force the Britain economy downturn under Recession conditions? Justification of the Project The downturn has been a period of the rigorous that affects the popular countries like USA, UK, Canada, Australia, Japan, China, India, and New Zealand. Further, the Britain economy had suffered losses and high unemployment rates during the period of 2008-2010. This research will help the government to understand the different factors that can affect the economy and that are a reason to happen the recession in the country (Goldstein, et al., 2013). From this report, the government will able to address the mechanism to deal with the recession condition. This research proposal also helps to readers to broaden the understanding of the recession economy condition. This proposal will be also effective for existing organization and new ventures/startups as they can develop awareness about the cause, impacts, and consequences of the economy downturn. Consequently, it will enable them to be better prepared and sensible in case Recession occurs in the future (Park, et al., 2014). This research will help policymakers and researchers to identify right focus areas during and after the economy downturn. Expected Research Outcome The outcomes of this research will offer the critical structure to examine the factors affecting Britain economy due to Recession. Hence, this report will help to develop understanding and analyze the strategies that are used by decision makers in order to deal with the economic downturns. This report will provide the complete picture about Recession that helps to address the factors that drive Britain economy under Recession conditions. The economy downturn is based on the different factors such as unemployment rate, and stock market circumstances. These factors will have an impact on the ultimate result of this research study. Further, all the research objectives/questions will be recognized in the plan and will be responded based on the information gathering, findings, and analysis (Mulia, et al., 2014). These research outcomes will be scrutinized as significant scholastic work due to identifying the problem for this research plan. Additionally, this research will aid the governme nt to focus on these economic factors to deal with the recession. Section 2 Conceptual Framework Meaning and concepts of downturn economy According to the Ahmed et al (2014), an economic downturn is defined as the economic growth rate declining and probably entering into downturn. A downturn is an element of the economic phase that is also known as the trade phase or business phase. Further, the downturn is the pessimistic economic growth for two successive quarters. For instance, during 2010 2012, the UK economy was declined with the economic development of approximately 0%. The key characteristics of an economic downturn comprise: Pessimistic or very low economic development Increasing unemployment Diminishing asset worth such as shares and house worth Low down self-assurance and declining asset Negative output gap Mounting government borrowing In support to this, Modica and Reggiani (2015) states that a downturn happens while there is a decrease in economic development for two successive quarters. Further, according to Keynesian analysis, if there is a go down in aggregate demand then there will be go down in Real GDP that is based on the slope of the aggregate slope curve. Besides this, if the economy is nearest to lower aggregate demand then it would be caused a small go down in real gross domestic products. It is said that aggregate demand is composed with C+I+G+X-M, so the decline in these components could reason to happen the downturn. Economic Factors that Impact on the Britain and Lead to Downturn Economy In the view of De Grauwe (2016), there are different factors that affect the Britain economy such as demand, supply, interest rate, unemployment and wage rate. Another factor that determines the economic development rate is the intensity of buyer and companys confidence. For example, if confidence is peak then elevated interest rates may not decrease the demand. But, if self-assurance is low down and people scares that they can unemployed, and then they will a smaller amount spend, causing AD to go down. It indicates that expectations are very important for people to deal themselves into a recession. According to the Gillespie (2014), the high-interest rate is another factor that causes of recession because it sets the liquidity and also decreases the value of money available to invest. Further, it depicts that inflation is another factor. It indicates the high price of goods and services over the period. As inflation rises, the demand for the goods and services has declined. Additionally, reduce real wage rate is another factor that impact on the Britain economy downturn. A declines real wage rate declines the purchasing power due to not having enough amounts to purchase. In favor to this, Treasury (2016) states that there are different causes of occurring recession in 2008 and 2009 named credit crisis, declining house worth, Cost push inflation and fall down in confidence. Credit crisis explained the lack of investment. Declining house worth is related to a deficiency of credit and credit crisis. Cost push inflation is constricting income and also dropping disposable income. The fall down in the confidence of finance zone defines the worse confidence between the real economies. Consequences of Downturn in the Britain Economy According to the McKay et al (2013), there are different consequences of the recession in Britain economy. It is stated that recession does not affect everyone such as a fall in GDP will cause an increase in unemployment. Because, some companies will go bankrupt that means most of the workers lose their jobs. In support to this, Paroutis et al (2014) opines that in the recession period, unemployment is increased over 26 million. Further, firms also try to cut down their cost by keeping the low wages. Along with this, some workers may keep their job, but focus on their hours cut excluding to do full-time work as they become temporary workers. It indicates that rise in unemployment may be muted but, at the same time, the income of the workers has also fallen. On the other side, Gardiner et al (2013) exemplify that recession is affected the government as the fall in taxation revenue. Because, firms make the less profit, therefore government receives lower corporation taxes. Another reas on of fall in taxation is to decline the workers income, lower house price, housing transaction, and lower stamp duty. Furthermore, lower expenditure lead to reduce VAT payments. In support to this, Gourevitch et al (2016) state that recession has also created negative consequences on the government spending such as it raises on the welfare payment include unemployment benefits and income support. Another consequence that occurs due to recession is a budget deficit. It is stated that falling tax revenue and rising welfare payment tend to the recession cause which has an effect on the budget deficit and total government debts. Recommend the Strategy to Overcome the Recession Condition in Britain According to the Buck (2016), there are different policies that can be effective to avoid the recession includes cutting interest rate, stop house seizure, Expansionary economic policy, economy reduction, Quantitative reduction, and high Inflation object. The cutting interest rate should assist to increase the aggregate demand. Because, the worse interest rate is effective to reduce the mortgage interest payment and also persuade the companies and consumers to pay out excluding the saving money. On the other side, Gardiner et al (2013) depict that home repossession can cause the bank deceased and drop in consumer spending. The government may undertake to control credit rates to prevent the house seizure. Further, the Federal Reserve should try to cut the taxes to increase the consumer disposable income. But, it will be caused to high government bowings. Besides to this, the government should also spend more on the capital asset plans because it directly adds capital into the economy. It is stated that this policy is more appropriate than the tax cut. Along with this, Paroutis et al (2014) discuss that reduction in the exchange rate can enhance the aggregate demand (AD) of the customers in the Britain economy. A declining worth of the dollar makes export cheaper and import more costly consequently, household demand will be decreased. Research Hypothesis Following are the hypothesis for this research: Null Hypothesis (H0): Economic factors have an impact on Britain economy downturn. Alternative Hypothesis (H1): Economic factors do not have an impact on Britain economy downturn. Research Methodology The below methodologies will be followed to efficiently examine the aims of this research plan. It is discussed as below: Literature Review In this part, a researcher will deeply study and scrutiny the appropriate literature and assesses the data obtained from different sources such as Google scholar, Emerald and academic journal, articles from various authors. Data Analysis Methods Data analysis method includes the qualitative and quantitative methods. Qualitative analysis is used by the researcher to conduct online discussion and assessment with financial experts and managers while Quantitative analysis will assess by the researcher to show the information in statistics, pie diagrams, excel sheets, arithmetical and numerical data using the online sites and academic editorial (Mackey and Gass, 2015). For this dissertation, mix research data analyzing method will be used by the researcher. The quantitative data analyzing method will be exercised by the researcher to hypothesis testing such as to assess whether the information accepts or rejects the hypothesis. Further, qualitative data analyzing method will be used to assess the concepts of literature as it helps to establish the findings. A mixture of methodologies is used to obtain the precise explanation for the research dilemma which is recognized in the problem statement. Furthermore, secondary information will be used by the researcher to assess the information as compared to primary data (Flick, 2015). Because, the research problem is based on the analytical so, data is obtained from the literature review and case study. Section III Organization of the Study Following are the organization of this research: The First section will explain the research plan. The second section will discuss the concept of Britain economic downturn in-depth. The third section will involve the research methodology like literature review, data collection methods, and data analysis methods. The fourth section will show the Findings and Analysis of the projected research. Fifth section will evaluate the imperative findings and explain their propositions in Britain economic downturn. Gantt Chart The following table depicts the time structure for the entire research to be accomplished. Name of the Task Start Day End Day Duration (Days) Project Proposal 26/09/2016 10/10/2016 14 Literature Review 11/10/2016 26/12/2016 76 Information Collection 27/12/2016 27/02/2017 60 Data Analysis 28/02/2017 28/03/2017 30 Final Report Submission 29/03/2017 30/04/2017 31 Project Budget and Budget Justification The budget for the projected research study is approximately GBP 1500 to accomplish the objective of this research within the time period (29th March 2017) that is given in the Gantt chart. This budget is based on the following components of the research: For accomplishing the Literature Review, different course book, academic journals, editorial and online resources are required that cannot be assessed without charge. Therefore, there will be charge approximately GBP 500 to buy these resources. Data collection is the effective source to gather the information about the research problem. Therefore, there will be around GBP 500 to buy case study from different authors and organizations. Because, it is a better approach for collecting information from different organizations about the impact of the recession on them and their survival strategies. To find graphs, tables, administration data for information scrutiny, the cost of financial plan to be paid around GBP 500. In synopsis, Purpose Expected Amount to be Spent in GBP Literature Review 500 Data Collection 500 Data Analysis 500 Total financial plan Expectation 1500 References Ahmed, M. U., Kristal, M. M., Pagell, M. (2014). The impact of operational and marketing capabilities on firm performance: Evidence from economic growth and downturns.International Journal of Production Economics,154, 59-71. Buck, W. (2016). Providing Help in Hard Times: A Blueprint for Successful Strategic Planning.Journal of Library Administration,56(2), 199-208. Burrell, K. (2016).Polish Migration to the UK in the'new'European Union: After 2004. UK: Routledge. Cain, P. J., Hopkins, A. G. (2016).British Imperialism: 1688-2015. UK: Routledge. De Grauwe, P. (2016).Economics of monetary union. UK: Oxford university press. Flick, U. (2015).Introducing research methodology: A beginner's guide to doing a research project. USA: Sage. Gardiner, B., Martin, R., Sunley, P., Tyler, P. (2013). Spatially unbalanced growth in the British economy.Journal of Economic Geography,13(6), 889-928. Gillespie, A. (2014).Foundations of economics. USA: Oxford University Press. Goldstein, J., Kreyenfeld, M., Jasilioniene, A., rsal, D. D. K. (2013). Fertility reactions to the" Great Recession" in Europe: Recent evidence from order-specific data.Demographic Research,29, 85-104. Gourevitch, P., Markovits, A., Ross, G., Bornstein, S., Allen, C. (2016).Unions and Economic Crisis: Britain, West Germany, and Sweden. UK: Routledge. Mackey, A., Gass, S. M. (2015).Second language research: Methodology and design. UK: Routledge. McCloskey, D. N. (2015).Essays on a mature economy: Britain after 1840. USA: Princeton University Press. McKay, A., Campbell, J., Thomson, E., Ross, S. (2013). Economic recession and recovery in the UK: What's gender got to do with it?.Feminist Economics,19(3), 108-123. Modica, M., Reggiani, A. (2015). Spatial economic resilience: overview and perspectives.Networks and Spatial Economics,15(2), 211-233. Mulia, N., Zemore, S. E., Murphy, R., Liu, H., Catalano, R. (2014). Economic loss and alcohol consumption and problems during the 2008 to 2009 US recession.Alcoholism: clinical and experimental research,38(4), 1026-1034. Park, H., Twenge, J. M., Greenfield, P. M. (2014). The Great Recession Implications for Adolescent Values and Behavior.Social Psychological and Personality Science,5(3), 310-318. Paroutis, S., Bennett, M., Heracleous, L. (2014). A strategic view on smart city technology: The case of IBM Smarter Cities during a recession. Technological Forecasting and Social Change,89, 262-272. Taylor, S. J., Bogdan, R., DeVault, M. (2015).Introduction to qualitative research methods: A guidebook and resource. USA: John Wiley Sons. Treasury, H. (2016).Reforming Britain's economic and financial policy: towards greater economic stability. Germany: Springer.